Over the years, the sensitivity of DNA analysis has seen remarkable advancements. Today, forensic scientists can generate informative DNA profiles from trace amounts of DNA—sometimes originating from just a few cells. This means that nearly any item or surface in a home or other environment can be sampled with a reasonable chance of yielding a…
Introduction When testing for cocaine (COC) in hair samples, one key challenge is distinguishing between ingestion and external contamination. The body can absorb cocaine into the hair both through the bloodstream after consumption and from environmental exposure. Testing for metabolites (the substances formed when the body breaks down cocaine) plays a crucial role in proving…
The world of illicit drugs has always evolved, with each new substance bringing fresh challenges. One such drug, often referred to as “pink cocaine” or “tucibi,” has been making waves. Despite its misleading name, pink cocaine is not usually related to cocaine. So, what is it, and why is it becoming a growing concern? …
A firearm discharge produces two distinct types of residues: Organic Gunshot Residue (OGSR) and Inorganic Gunshot Residue (IGSR). While both are valuable for forensic analysis, they differ in composition, origin, and transfer. Composition: OGSR: Primarily composed of organic compounds. These include partially burned or unburned propellant chemicals, stabilisers, plasticisers, and other additives used in the…
Excessive alcohol and drug use is a significant concern with widespread effects on society, contributing to higher crime rates. Research has increasingly linked substance abuse with violent behaviour. Individuals who engage in criminal activities tend to report higher levels of drug and alcohol use compared to non-criminals. Experts have associated alcohol, central nervous system stimulants,…
