Advancing Forensic Age Estimation Through DNA Methylation: A Comparative Analysis of Sequencing Technologies
In recent years, forensic age estimation through DNA methylation has emerged as a powerful tool in criminal investigations and identity verification. With growing demand for precise age prediction in forensic casework, numerous age estimation tools have been developed using advanced sequencing technologies such as pyrosequencing, mini-sequencing, and massively parallel sequencing (MPS).
As forensic laboratories worldwide begin to adopt these tools, it is crucial to evaluate their accuracy and reliability across different biological samples. A recent study offered a comprehensive comparison of age estimation tools based on mini-sequencing and MPS, focusing on four common body fluids: blood, saliva, buccal cells, and semen.
Assessing Accuracy Across Multiple Sample Types
To assess the reproducibility and performance of these tools, biological replicates were collected from 10 individuals for blood, saliva, and buccal cells, and from 12 individuals for semen. Researchers analysed each sample using both mini-sequencing and MPS technologies and compared the estimated ages with the participants’ actual chronological ages.
The findings revealed high accuracy in age estimation for blood, saliva, and buccal cells using both sequencing methods. The mean absolute error (MAE) ranged between three to five years, demonstrating a promising level of precision for forensic applications. However, results from semen samples were less consistent, with a higher MAE of seven to eight years, suggesting the need for further refinement of these tools when applied to semen.
Technology Comparison and Practical Implications
Although both mini-sequencing and MPS delivered similarly strong results for most sample types, the technologies and individual samples showed some notable discrepancies. This highlights the importance of ongoing validation and optimisation before full integration into forensic workflows.
The study concluded that while forensic age estimation through DNA methylation is highly effective for blood, saliva, and buccal cells, the use of semen still poses challenges. Laboratories aiming to implement these tools should consider these findings to guide their selection of suitable age prediction methods and improve the overall accuracy of their forensic analyses.
Final Thoughts
With the forensic field rapidly evolving, continuous research and performance assessments are essential for maintaining high standards of evidence analysis. This comparative study contributes valuable insights into the practical use of DNA methylation-based age estimation tools, helping forensic scientists make informed decisions about incorporating these technologies into routine casework.
Supporting Innovation in Forensic DNA Analysis
At Bericon Forensics, we are proud to offer expert DNA analysis services to support both legal and investigative professionals. As innovations in forensic age estimation continue to develop, we are actively exploring the integration of DNA methylation-based techniques into our service offerings.
