Bericon is often asked to prepare reports evaluating the effects of ammonia exposure on individuals in close quarters. These assessments also include analysing the persistence of ammonia residues on clothing, typically involving laboratory examination of items.
Case Study – Key Information:
The defendant was charged with a series of offences relating to an incident in which it is alleged that they discharged a quantity of corrosive substance at individuals.
– An argument is said to have ensued, and it culminated in the defendant discharging a quantity of liquid at three individuals.
– The complainants were subsequently medically examined, and it is reported that they sustained skin burns and/or eye irritation.
– Emergency services attended and performed a pH test of liquid on the floor.
– It is reported that the pH of the liquid was 12 and it was suggested that this could be associated with bleach or drain cleaner.
– It was also commented that there was “no overpowering chemical smell when he attended the site but it did smell as if the location has just been cleaned up.”
– Two of the complainants had items of their clothing seized for forensic testing.
– The defendant was arrested in connection with the incident and items of their clothing and footwear were seized.
– A forensic scientist instructed by the prosecution reported that they tested areas of the above clothing and none of which were positive for a corrosive substance but that this did not exclude the possibility that such a substance was originally present.
– They also commented that there were no areas of visible damage or discoloration but concludes that a compound such as ammonia would evaporate very quickly and is unlikely to cause damage or discolouration to most clothing items.
Expert Instruction:
Bericon’s expert was requested by the defendant’s solicitor to examine a series of clothing items recovered as part of the police investigation and comment on any evidence of ammonia solution or other corrosive substances being deposited onto them.
They were also requested to comment on the testing of the liquid and the possible effects of any possible liquid used in the incident.
Expert Findings:
Bericon’s expert did not note any areas of chemical damage on the items attributed to the defendant.
Our expert did not locate any areas of such damage on the items related to the complainants, however on opening the packaging associated with the clothing they noted what they believed to be an odour of ammonia. In their view, this compound could have been preserved on the item if it had been dampened with water after the incident.
The extent of injury produced by exposure to ammonia depends on the duration of the exposure, its concentration, and the depth of inhalation or direct exposure. Even low airborne concentrations (50 ppm) of ammonia produce rapid onset of eye, nose, and throat irritation.
Are you a criminal defence solicitor looking for an expert witness in this type of case? Contact us today.
Curious to Learn More?
Stay informed about the fascinating intersection of science and justice. Keep reading our blog for more insights into forensic science case studies, expert witnesses, and their impact on the UK legal system.
